News

New Jersey has transitioned into a worrisome drought situation following historically low October precipitation. So, too, was the September–October combined total a record low. The NJ Department of Environmental Protection issued a Drought Watch on October 17th, serving as a “heads up” that the state had been exceedingly dry for weeks. This continued through the end of the month, one in which, averaged statewide, precipitation totaled only 0.02”. This was 4.17” below the 1991–2020 normal and surpassed October 1963 as the driest October on record. Many gauges failed to collect any measurable precipitation and those that did, at best, saw no more than about 0.10”. The northern climate division averaged 0.03” (-4.42”, driest), southern division 0.01” (-4.02, driest), and coast 0.02” (-4.07”, driest).

This was not a record low precipitation just for October, rather for any month. Seven of the ten driest months since 1895 have occurred in the fall. When warm-season showers and possible late-season tropical systems fail to deliver rain to the Garden State, and early cold-season low pressure systems fail to arrive, extended dry spells may occur. Still, runs of 30 or more days without measurable precipitation are quite rare. Dry streaks at some stations were continuing into November as of the report publication date (November 8th).

October precipitation futility in conjunction with the third driest September on record resulted in the driest of any pairing of consecutive months on record. The 0.80” total was 0.55” lower than the previous record in December 1980–January 1981. The southern half of the state was drier than the north, though both were woefully dry.

While it is exceedingly rare to see monthly or seasonal temperature departures from normal differ in sign or even notable magnitude between southern and northern portions of New Jersey, such is not always the case for precipitation. This August and summer as a whole exemplify such disparities. While rain was often plentiful in the north, more often than not, the south did not see gauges fill as much or as often. This report will first address August conditions in the Garden State, finishing with a recap of climatological summer (June–August).

August precipitation averaged 6.52” across NJ. This is 1.95” above the 1991–2020 normal and ranks as the 22nd wettest August since records commenced in 1895. The northern climate division (Hunterdon-Somerset-Union and all counties to their north) averaged 8.53”. This is 3.97” above normal and ranks as the 10th wettest. The southern division (Mercer-Middlesex-Monmouth and all but immediate coastal areas to the south) came in at 5.39”. This is 0.82” above normal and ranks 41st wettest of the past 130 Augusts. The coastal division averaged 4.37”, which is 0.23” below normal and ranks 60th wettest (71st driest).

Despite wide-ranging weekly differences, statewide August temperatures were just 0.3° above normal, averaging 73.9°. This ranks as the 30th warmest back to 1895, certainly not near a ranking close to the mid-point of the entire period of record, thus exemplifying how much NJ has warmed over recent decades. The north averaged 72.2° (+0.3°, 28th warmest), the south 75.0° (+0.4°, 30th warmest), and the coast 75.0° (+0.3°, 25th warmest).

Above-average temperatures ruled in June. So, what else is new? As will be seen later in this report, the first half of 2024 ranked as the second warmest since statewide records commenced in 1895. June 2024 was also the 7th consecutive month with temperatures above the 1991–2020 average and 10th of the last 12 in that category. June itself came in as New Jersey’s 2nd warmest, tied with 1943 and just behind 2010. Six of the 11 warmest have occurred since 2005. The 73.6° average was 3.3° above normal. The average high of 85.1° was 4.1° above normal, tied for the 2nd warmest, and the average low of 62.0° was 2.4° above normal, ranking 4th warmest. Each of the three NOAA state climate divisions had their 2nd warmest June. The north averaged 71.7° (+3.1°), south 74.8° (+3.4°), and coast 73.8° (+3.3°).

As often occurs during the warm season, the rainfall pattern was a mixed bag as the month progressed and also across the state on any given day. Overall, the state experienced a dry month, with the majority of the state considered Abnormally Dry (D0) in the last US Drought Monitor assessment of the month. With some rain falling after the June 30th approximate 7–8 AM observing time of most National Weather Service Cooperative and Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) stations, any daytime or evening rain is entered into the record book as falling on July 1st. Thus, the official map below does not include some of the heavy post-observing time heavy rain in Cape May County the morning of the 30th nor rain occurring elsewhere in the state later in the day. For the month, the state average 2.74”, which is 1.56” below normal and ranks 28th driest. The north averaged 2.23” (-2.38”, 13th driest), south 3.07” (-1.07”, 49th driest), and coast 2.84” (-1.01”, 51st driest).

You would never have guessed it by looking at most days, with some wet, some dry, some warm, some cold, but put it all together and a rather normal April temperature- and precipitation-wise emerged from quite a variety of days and weeks. This is often the case during a transitional month (mid-fall or mid-spring), but this month took it to a bit of an extreme. Toss in a partial solar eclipse and an earthquake and it was quite the month for all who enjoy observing our fascinating world and solar system.

April precipitation averaged 4.14” across New Jersey. This is 0.44” above the 1991–2020 normal and ranks as the 42nd wettest of records dating back to 1895. Generally, the north received more rain than the south. The north climate division averaged 4.59” (+0.69”, 40th wettest), south division 3.89” (+0.31”, 48th wettest), and coastal division 3.65” (+0.10”, 61st wettest).

The year-to-date precipitation (rain and melted frozen precipitation) is 19.86”. This is 5.61” above normal and ranks as the 5th wettest January–April period on record. The top total is 22.98” in 1983 and the second through four wettest occurred in 1979, 1958, and 1953. The past 12 months have seen a state average 56.98” of precipitation, which is the 6th wettest of all such May–April periods dating back to 1895.

Perhaps the title of this report is a bit overstated when it comes to February weather conditions, but not by all that much. However, like much of the coterminous United States, it applies rather appropriately to the December 2023–February 2024 winter. New Jersey’s winter conditions follow at the end of this report, with February discussed first.

February 2024 was on the dry side. In fact, the statewide average precipitation (rain and melted snow) of 1.55” was 1.31” below the 1991–2020 normal and ranks as the 12th driest since records began in 1895. The northern climate division averaged 1.68” (-1.11”, 12th driest), the southern division 1.47” (-1.42”, 10th driest), and the coastal division 1.44” (-1.63”, 7th driest).

February snowfall averaged 7.9” across NJ. This was just 0.3” below normal, ranking as the 51st snowiest since 1895. The North snow division averaged 12.4” (+2.1", 40th snowiest), Central 12.4" (+3.3", 36th snowiest), and South 3.2" (-3.5", 58th least snowy). The vast majority of the snow fell in two events four days apart, with mild temperatures that soon followed prohibiting the snow cover for sticking around for too long.

In fact, mild days outnumbered cold ones during February, leading to a monthly statewide average of 37.0°, which was 3.1° above normal and ranks as the 14th mildest on record. The statewide average daily high temperature of 46.3° was 3.2° above normal and ranks 16th mildest. The daily minimum of 27.8° was 3.2° above normal, ranking 9th mildest. The north averaged 34.9° (+3.6°, 12th mildest), south 38.3° (+2.8°, 16th mildest), and coast 38.4° (+2.4°, 16th mildest).